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William Gilmore Simms and John Pendleton Kennedy : southern literature and the spectre of Thomas...
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William Gilmore Simms and John Pendleton Kennedy : southern literature and the spectre of Thomas Jefferson
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Author
Haar
,
Joshua
Title
William
Gilmore
Simms
and
John
Pendleton
Kennedy
:
southern
literature
and the
spectre
of
Thomas
Jefferson
Degree Program
History
Abstract
During
the
Antebellum
Era
,
many
of
Thomas
Jefferson’s
concepts
became
part
of the
great
debate
that
led
to the
Civil
War
. The
debate
over
Jeffersonianism
incorporated
all
aspects
of
Thomas
Jefferson’s
life
. From
slavery
and
agriculture
to
manufacturing
,
industrialization
, and
tariffs
,
all
played
a
part
in the
splintering
of the
American
nation
.
While
some
would
say
that
slavery
caused
the
Civil
War
, the
real
cause
was the
incompatibility
of the
various
visions
Americans
held
for the
future
of their
nation
.
Like
the
great
conflict
of the
1790s
between
Alexander
Hamilton
and
Thomas
Jefferson
, the
men
of the
antebellum
era
divided
over
an
industrialized
nation
and an
agricultural
one
. The
only
difference
between
the
antebellum
debate
and that of the
1790s
was that in the
1830s
,
40s
, and
50s
,
all
parties
claimed
to be
rooted
in the
political
ideals
of
Thomas
Jefferson
. This
crisis
of
Jeffersonianism
began
in the
early
1830s
,
when
South
Carolina
nullified
the
Tariff
of
1832
. The
reactions
of
President
Andrew
Jackson
during
the
Nullification
Crisis
led
to the
creation
of
political
ideologies
that
opposed
the
Jacksonian
Democrats
. The
two
most
important
political
groups
were the
nationalists
and the
extreme
states’
rights
men
.
While
the
crisis
was
resolved
without
bloodshed
,
it
left
the
political
foundations
of
America
in
shambles
.
Neither
of the
parties
formed
during
the
Nullification
Crisis
were a
major
party
;
rather
,
members
of
both
political
parties
filled
the
ranks
of these
minority
groups
.
Men
influential
enough
to
sway
the
nation
their
way
formed
these
new
political
organizations
.
John
C
.
Calhoun
organized
the
extreme
states’
rights
men
.
Using
Jefferson’s
theory
of
nullification
laid
down
in the
Kentucky
Resolution
, he
convinced
South
Carolina
to
nullify
the
Tariff
of
1832
.
Like
Jefferson
, the
extreme
states’
rights
men
saw
agriculture
as the
future
of
America
. They
believed
in a
central
government
with
little
power
that
could
be
controlled
by the
states
.
Most
of the
men
included
in this
group
lived
in the
South
and then
later
called
for the
South
to
secede
. The
literary
voice
of the
extreme
states’
rights
men
was
William
Gilmore
Simms
.
Editor
,
author
, and
sometimes
politician
,
Simms
converted
from
nationalism
to
secessionism
.
Like
Calhoun
,
Simms
began
changing
his
political
views
after
the
Nullification
Crisis
.
Through
his
literature
, he
justified
Southern
institutions
and
actions
by
defining
them as
Jeffersonian
in
nature
. His
defense
was that
Jefferson
was a
Southerner
,
who
owned
a
plantation
, as
well
as
slaves
, and
who
made
his
living
from the
earth
. If
it
was
good
enough
for
Jefferson
,
it
was
good
enough
for
America
. The
nationalists
, on the
other
hand
, were the
exact
opposite
. They
favored
federal
power
over
the
states
,
internal
improvements
, and an
industrialized
nation
, as
opposed
to an
agricultural
nation
. They were not
against
agriculture
;
however
, they
believed
that
agriculture
should
support
the
industrialized
growth
of
America
.
Led
by
men
like
Henry
Clay
and
Daniel
Webster
, the
nationalists
pushed
for
internal
improvements
and the
industrialization
of
America
.
Like
extreme
states’
rights
men
, the
nationalists
claimed
to be the
heirs
of
Jefferson
. In this
case
, they
drew
their
Jeffersonian
roots
from the
presidency
of
Thomas
Jefferson
.
During
his
presidency
,
Jefferson
actually
strengthened
the
federal
government’s
power
, with the
Louisiana
Purchase
and the
enforcement
of the
Embargo
of
1807
.
John
Pendleton
Kennedy
became
the
voice
of the
nationalists
.
Through
his
writing
, he
defended
nationalist
ideologies
by
poking
fun
at the
South
for
relying
solely
on
commercial
agriculture
for its
survival
.
Kennedy
believed
that the
true
Jeffersonian
vision
for
America
was
one
in
which
agriculture
supported
industry
. The
farmers
of
America
would
feed
the
workers
who
produced
their
items
for
trade
with the
rest
of the
world
,
creating
a
flourishing
trade
system
that would
strengthen
American
power
. The
crisis
in
Jeffersonianism
affected
all
areas
of
American
society
, from
North
to
South
, and
East
to
West
.
However
, the
different
political
ideologies
could
not be
contained
within
individual
sections
of the
country
. The
politics
of the
time
were
confusing
,
because
men
bounced
from
party
to
party
on a
whim
.
Every
election
year
saw
the
major-party
candidates
fighting
for
nominations
in their
own
parties
, as
well
as
against
third-party
candidates
. In the
end
, the
political
crisis
ended
after
the
Civil
War
. The
men
of the
antebellum
era
strove
to
build
Jefferson’s
America
, but in the
process
, they
adjusted
their
ways
and
built
Hamilton’s
instead
.
Date Original
2007
Publisher
Fort Hays State University
Relation
Digital reproduction of the Fort Hays State University Theses Collection.
Type
Text
Format
application/pdf
Identifier
HaarJoshua_2007_web.pdf
Source
LD2652 .T5 H5 H33 2007
Language
eng
Relation-Requires
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http://get.adobe.com/reader/.
Rights
Copyright 2007 Josuha Haar
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